It's worth noting that a significant amount of Bond fans consider "James Bond" to be a codename, and that there have been many different people who have taken up the James Bond identity over the years.
Although I don't see any benefit whatsoever in doing this with Nick Fury. And it's already canon that Peggy Carter created S.H.I.E.L.D. in the 50's anyway.
This is not the kind of storytelling (or rather lack of storytelling) that mainstream audiences appreciate.Then you bring back the original like they did in the comics in the story Original Sin by saying he has been in space ever since acting as a space protector. It's too late now but Infinity Wars would have been the perfect time to bring him back.
This space guy is never going to be accepted as the 'real' Nick Fury. Especially not if he's white.