Domestically, too, the Chinese have severely strained relations with their major minority groups, especially Tibetans and Uighurs, a Muslim Central Asian people who live mainly in the country's far West. Discriminatory policies have suppressed these groups' religion and culture. According to an August report in the Chinese press, a county government in the province of Qinghai removed loudspeakers from hundreds of mosques to prevent the "noise pollution" of the regular calls to prayer.
Economically, members of these minority communities often feel they don't have equal access to jobs, education and other opportunities. The subsequent fomenting resentment has occasionally boiled over into protests and violence, such as in Lhasa, the Tibetan capital, in 2008 and Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang province, in 2009. Uighur groups have even been blamed for acts of terror. In 2013, three Uighurs plowed an SUV through a crowd in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, killing themselves and two pedestrians.
Gray Tuttle, a professor of Tibetan studies at Columbia University, sees these policies on minorities as "an expression of deep-seated ethnic prejudices and racism at the core of contemporary Chinese society." These sentiments, Tuttle explains, are rooted in late-19th century ideas of Chinese nationalism, and were reinforced by the new Communist government in the 1950s, which began categorizing minority groups and propagating negative views of them. If the discrimination continues, Tuttle adds, it "will undermine Beijing's efforts to foster a 'harmonious society' and present China as a model to the rest of the world