As a Political Science major, I hardly ever get to use the actual “science” that I learned getting my BA. Behold...a perfect opportunity! Did Obama and Clinton cause Trump? Nope, it’s actually a little concept called...
Asymmetric polarization!
In short, the parties have both been drifting further and further into their own ideological corners. Yes! This does mean that all things considered Obama and Clinton were further to the left of FDR and LBJ. This is all things considered though, so we aren’t saying they were further to the left economically. Reagan actually fundamentally realigned what neoliberal policy meant after FDR (the progressive hero) pushed for its implementation on the world stage. Neoliberal policy was thus reshaped to mean more “laissez faire” attitudes on economic stuff, which was never the initial intention—initially the idea was to have robust social welfare states. Obama, especially, was probably as close to FDR as any two-term Democrat has been since, but Reagan fundamentally reshaped this.
Of course, in recent years, “asymmetric” means both sides weren’t drifting as far apart. Sanders is a reaction to this—there is a side of the Democratic Party that wanted to move further to the left. Trump, meanwhile, was a reaction to the right’s persistent push towards the right that hadn’t been stopped since Reagan.
No, the reason we have Trump is because Trump was viewed as
less partisan than Clinton, who herself was running on the most progressive platform that any Democrat has ever run on. Trump, meanwhile, made a campaign that was built on populist promises of working on infrastructure, keeping Social Security and Medicare, and not being a social conservative except for the winning issue of abortion (at least with evangelicals). Of course, we now know he never intended to keep them, but Trump represented a shake-up, not just to the neoliberal policies that people felt had left them behind (largely because we were missing the robust social welfare state we initially understood to be necessary), but to the two-party system they saw to be increasingly radicalizing.