Historically there has been,
Classical Liberalism - (Today it is merged with Conservativism, and represents the Barry Goldwater/Ronald Regan wing of the Republican Party but more purely Gary Johnson and Ron Paul)
Reformist Liberalism - (Started in the UK with John Stuart Mill, and would become more progressive throughout the 20th century incorporating the ideas of John Rawls & John Maynard Keynes and the New Deal)
(In the U.S. this could range anywhere from FDR to Bill Clinton, but it's applied more to blue dog democrats & third way Democrats like the Clintons & Tony Blair)
Social Democracy - (Started in the UK with the Fabian society, initially inspired by Marxism, they split with revolutionary Marxists, by advocating to bring socialism through reform and democratic means as opposed to revolution)
(In the United States this would have been the active trade union wing of the Democratic Party, heavy on State intervention. Think FDR, and Lyndon Johnson's Great Society)
Marxist Communism - (Started with Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto, basically those who think that socialism has to be achieved through revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat, ie the Soviet Union)
(In the United States there are not too many traditional communists, but there are hardcore Marxists that advocate for socialism and are sympathetic to China, Cuba, & Venezuela this can range from anyone
from Richard Wolf to the more radical wing of the democratic Party,...I'll avoid names so I don't start a 1 hour $%$# show debate)
Cultural Marxism/Post Modernism - (This is a term used to describe the Western Marxist thinkers who applied sociology and psychology to Marxist theory in order to figure out why the workers revolution failed. It would eventually merge with the civil rights movement of the 60's, Radical Feminism, Black Panther Party, Chicano movement, LBGTQ movements. Think Herbert Marcuse, Derrick Bell ect) In truth there is just as much post modernism in here than Marxism.
(In the United States, much of this ideology has gone mainstream, and has resulted in advancements for marginal groups (Gay Marriage) but the more radical components, Whiteness theory or aspects of queer theory that deny
biological gender is associated with the Social Justice Warrior movement. Tearing down statues and such)
Anarchism - Modern anarchism dates back to Michael Bakunin and his feud with Karl Marx. Bakunin believed state control would just bring about oppression & unlike Marx who saw marginal groups lumpenproletariats, the homeless, as not useful to the revolution, Bakunin believed they were essential because they were the most dispossessed and therefore easiest to mobolize. This would explain modern American anarchism's affiliation to the social justice warrior movement, of course represented by ANTIFA
Environmentalism - The modern environmental movement started in the late 70's. Although there is such a thing as conservative environmentalism (Think Roger Scruton) it is primarily a progressive ideology, think Green Peace.
In reality, most people will have ideas that take a little from each, for instance I'm an Anarchist in that I think local community initiatives & leadership are often better than the heavy hand of the federal government in improving communities.
Consider this your left wing history lesson, I could do a right wing one to