Mar-Vell's powers came from multiple sources, including some biological enhancements, the nega-bands, and a cosmic gift of awareness from Eon, so really, there's not a ton to 'pass on.'
My fanon is that Teddy has low-level super-strength (not Thor, but more than Captain America, around early Luke Cage / Tigra / perhaps even Spider-Man? levels), and toughness, and can metabolize enough sunlight to levitate a bit (explaining why his dinky little shapeshifted wings can get his twunk ass off the ground), but not outright fly (without wings) like Mar-Vell could. But no energy blasts (that was all nega-bands) or cosmic awareness (that was all Eon, whom he's never met).
That said,
Genis and Phyla Vell have mysteriously 'inherited' some energy manipulation powers that Mar-Vell *never freaking had,* so I have no idea if Marvel has just quietly decided to ignore the nega-bands entirely and say that Mar-Vell had their powers natively and they were just fancy wrist-bling.
Same sort of weirdness with Carol Danvers. A weird energy treatment gives her 'powers like Captain Mar-Vell,' only she can do stuff that he needed tech and the favor of a cosmic entity to do? Whatever.
It's like Silk and her 'I got bit by a radioactive spider, so I can make webs from my fingertips, even though that's actually a thing Spider-Man does with web-shooters he built...' Right. And I took the super-soldier serum and an indestructible shield mysteriously grew out of my arm!