Oh adversaries for Rogue is a good topic. She hasn't had many... or at least where it's more personal.
VARGAS
Notable for being one of the few villains who significantly injured multiple X-Men
(Beast got turned into Kittybeast; Rogue and Gambit lost their powers for awhile) and killed one
(Psylocke) and basically got away with it. Vargas was built up as a significant threat but few writers seemed to care about him and he was eventually killed off-panel during Carey's run.
In terms of personal connection to Rogue, I do find him somewhat interesting. He's basically a mirror for what Rogue did to Carol in trying to kill a preemptive threat. I'm surprised CC didn't make more parallels with a younger Rogue with his situation beyond Rogue telling him not to get "trapped" by the Dairies.
I don't know if I buy a peak level human being able to defeat Rogue and Psylocke, though. I think he should have been established as a human but that uses tech to enhance his physical abilities.
Oh well, I'd like to see him back and it'd be relatively easy to since off-panel deaths are so ambiguous. I think he still has a lot of untapped potential, especially for Rogue if you draw upon that comparison more visibly. A villain that becomes obsessed with killing you because he paranoidly believes one day you'll hurt him? It's why humans hate mutants in a nutshell tbh. And could deliciously become a self-fulfilling prophecy if he annoys Rogue enough...
Also I think Vargas could even more relevant right now since the franchise has become less
mutant vs mutant than
mutant vs human vs machine. As well as Destiny being used more, you'd think Moira would be more interested in finding more of the Diaries.
PANDEMIC
Basically what if Rogue used her powers for evil scenario. An evil scientist who wanted to become immortal but who acted more like a collector and "gotta catch em' all" with powers. I suppose a story could be used for this guy joining one of the many anti-mutant organizations with the information he's collected of the X-Men over the years? He's currently powerless so they'd have to get him to somehow recreate the serum he used to obtain her abilities.
TBH I think he's one of the weaker villains Carey introduced during his X-Men / Legacy run. As he was written he's more like a less interesting looking Mr Sinister, so I'd recommend if they ever pick him up again for him to get a huge "makeover" in terms of design and personality.
In terms of potential threats, he's a huge one though
(and got taken out in a very dumb way lol). I think if he was written more like the
Sylar to Rogue's
Peter Petrelli, he could be an interesting villain.
BLINDSPOT
The least "villainous" of the three but still choatic. She caused Rogue to perma-absorb Sunfire and has a habit of making everyone around her forget her. I think Blindspot has potential as a villain for Rogue that she has to fight strategically against, in a non-physical way, sort of like how Luthor is to Superman most of the time. Someone who will manipulate things behind the scenes instead of directly confronting Rogue herself. They could also expand on her powers to be more adversarial but her base powers can cause problems if Blindspot does it on select people or on a wide-enough scale. Imagine Blindspot resetting villains to their past selves to cause havoc on Krakoa? Or Blindspot making Gambit forget about Rogue? Her powers have potential for all sorts of interesting situations.
Also like Vargas, Blindspot seems to have connection to Rogue through Destiny as Destiny warned Rogue to stay away from her. It's also sort of implied she might be attracted and/or obsessed with her? Either way, more drama for Rogue if she were to ever join Rogue's personal rogue's gallery.
Other notable villains
The Children of the Vault are both an impersonal and personal villain(s) for Rogue. Rogue is the X-women they've had the most contact with so far and both times they miserably failed trying to fight her. I'm sure their pride is hurt but it seems like Hickman is co-opting them into a more general X-villain threat.
Mystique sometimes mother dearest and sometimes the biggest pain in Rogue's behind. Raven has a habit of getting nosey and very personally involved in Rogue's private affairs. Shooting, stabbing, and trying to steal her man; there is no bar Mystique will not go under if she thinks its for Rogue's own good. In the grand of scheme of things, Mystique is a more general villain and more recently ally than not though. Rogue and Mystique have made their peace... for the moment.
Belladonna as a personal Rogue villain is a bit of a stretch, as she is more connected to Gambit than Rogue but there is nothing like an ex-wife scorned. It also was not too long ago she was shooting Rogue in the back, so one never knows with her. I think Bella Donna works better as a reluctant ally or supporting cast than as a villain for Rogue though I could see her going against Mrs Lebeau if they ever go against the Assassins Guild business.
Those are the only memorable one's off the top of my head. For all that she's been in publication for 40 years, Rogue hasn't made a ton of personal enemies in her time. As bad as it sounds, I'd actually like that to change lol. It's more interesting for Rogue to have villains who have a connection with her.