However, a question haunts the comic, asked only by the curious few who read between the lines: Who came up with it and, in doing so, began the Marvel revolution? Traditionally, that honor has been reserved for Stan Lee. But outside Stan’s own oft-repeated words, there is currently no known evidence that he created the premise, plot, or characters that appeared in The Fantastic Four #1. No presentation boards, no contemporary legal documents, no correspondence, no diary entries. Nothing. There is, of course, a chance that something exists and is simply not publicly available at present, but given all the painstaking legal, historical, and journalistic searching to determine the issue’s creative origins, that seems highly unlikely. The closest thing to evidence that a pro-Stan argument can offer up is a curious document with a questionable backstory.
It’s a summary of that particular and consequential comic book, written on a typewriter, with a heading that reads (complete with a misspelling of “synopsis”) “SYNOPSES: THE FANTASTIC FOUR JULY ’61 SCHEDULE.” Stan’s protégé, Roy Thomas, claimed that Stan showed him this document in the late 1960s, years after it was supposedly written. It has since been reprinted by Thomas on multiple occasions as his way of identifying Stan as the prime mover. But the key question is whether the synopsis was composed before or after a discussion of the ideas between Stan and Kirby. If it was written before, that would make Stan the creator of the Fantastic Four. If it was written after, Jack may have been the creator. It’s near impossible to know for certain, but there is significant reason to suspect the synopsis was written after Stan and Kirby spoke.
Even Stan suggested this was the sequence of events in a 1974 essay about the comic: “After kicking it around with Martin [Goodman] and Jack for a while, I decided to call our quaint quartet the Fantastic Four. I wrote a detailed first synopsis for Jack to follow, and the rest is history.” In 1997, Thomas told an interviewer that he “saw Stan’s plot for Fantastic Four #1, but even Stan would never claim for sure that he and Jack hadn’t talked the idea over before he wrote this.” Stan would go on to change his story by telling Thomas, in personal correspondence about the synopsis from the late 1990s, “Incidentally, I didn’t discuss it with Jack first. I wrote it first, after telling Jack it was for him because I knew he was the best guy to draw it.” There is a rumor that the entire document was created after the comic hit stands: In 2009, Kirby’s assistant, Steve Sherman, recalled, “I asked Jack about that synopsis. He told me that it was written way after FF #1 was published. I believe him.” And what of Kirby’s direct words on the matter? In 1989, an interviewer said to Kirby, “Stan says he conceptualized virtually everything in The Fantastic Four—that he came up with all the characters. And then he said that he ‘wrote a detailed synopsis for Jack to follow.’ ” Kirby’s response was brief and to the point: “I’ve never seen it, and of course I would say that’s an outright lie.”
Welcome to the eternal debate over whether it was Stan or Kirby who created the superheroes that emerged in the heady days of the Marvel explosion.