Batman's Bill Finger was one of the best writers the Man of Steel ever had. It seems to me that a significant portion of his Superman stories were keystone issues contributing to the mythology.
I suppose that there's no need for a thread like this since almost every origin can be reduced to--
Doomed Planet. Desperate Scientists. Last Hope. Kindly Couple.
Well, maybe not "Kindly Couple" given that was not included in the original origin, in ACTION COMICS 1 (June 1938).
But if we aren't supposed to talk about all those origins, what's the point of a message board?
I didn't go into all the post-Crisis origins, as I figured other readers have a much better memory of those stories than I do, but surely there were other tellings of the origin between 1986 and 2001, no? The Byrne reboot starts with Superman in one place and the character evolves through different creative regimes to another iteration by SUPERMAN FOR ALL SEASONS 1 - 4 (1998) from Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale. Didn't the origin get tweaked along the way?
Some of the miniseries like THE WORLD OF KRYPTON (1987) and THE WORLD OF SMALLVILLE (1988) helped to flesh out Byrne's origin. And later, it seems to me, there were Secret Files and Origins one-shots that added context to whichever Superman we had at the time.
Then there's all the origins in other media--SUPERBOY; LOIS AND CLARK: THE NEW ADVENTURES OF SUPERMAN; SUPERMAN: THE ANIMATED SERIES; SMALLVILLE; MAN OF STEEL.
As for SUPERMAN: BIRTHRIGHT 1 - 12 (2003 - 2004) by Mark Waid, Leinil Francis Yu and Gerry Alanguilan--my understanding is this was never officially in continuity. There was talk of it becoming the new origin, but that never came to pass. So it counts as an Elseworld/Imaginary Story just like ALL STAR SUPERMAN 1 - 12 (2005 - 2008) by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely or SUPERMAN: EARTH ONE (2010) by J. Michael Straczynski and Shane Davis.
If you count those, then other Elseworlds/Imaginary Stories need to be considered. Those are able to wander further afield and, while they might not be official, they can sometimes leak into the present continuity and steer the ship in a different direction. Likewise with the other media adaptations.