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A.E. Waite was a key figure in the development of the tarot in line with the Hermetic magical-religious system also being developed at the time by The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, more commonly called the Golden Dawn. Golden Dawn was a secret society devoted to the study and practice of occult Hermeticism and metaphysics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was covered more fully earlier in one of our Fun Facts annotations.
In the Rider–Waite Tarot deck, the Wheel of Fortune card depicts a giant wheel, with three figures on its outer edges. On the outer circle is a snake, the Egyptian god Typhon (the god of evil), descending on the left side. The snake also represents the life force plunging into the material world. On the right side rises Anubis, the Egyptian God of the dead who welcomes souls to the underworld. And on top of the wheel sits the Sphinx, representing knowledge and strength.
Four Hebrew letters – YHVH (Yod Heh Vau Heh), the unpronounceable name of God – are inscribed on the wheel’s face. They alternate with the letters ROTA (Latin for ‘wheel’). The middle wheel has the alchemical symbols for mercury, sulphur, water and salt – the building blocks of life and the four elements – and represents formative power.
In the corners of the Wheel of Fortune card are four winged creatures, each associated with the four fixed signs of the Zodiac: the angel is Aquarius, the eagle is Scorpio, the lion is Leo, and the bull is Taurus. The wings on the lion and bull bring them into balance with the winged angel and eagle above. Each holds the Torah, representing wisdom.
The Wheel of Fortune itself has been present since the tarot's inception in the 15th century, based on the medieval concept of Rota Fortunae, the wheel of the goddess Fortuna is a symbol of Fate or Destiny.
That the snake, the symbol for evil, is show both alone and thoroughly wound through the Wheel of Fortune suggests ominously that evil has in some way taken control of Fate or Destiny itself.
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