Seemingly, only Phoenix back in the same issue where Teen Jean fought Galactus is technically the case where Jean faces Galactus. Even I sometimes forget that Phoenix was also there fighting Galactus because of the shock value of Teen Jean facing Galactus.
Outside of that one instance though, no. Not really. Only in alternate realities: What-If Dark Phoenix destroyed the universe and pre-Extermination, when Teen Jean grows up in a dystopian future.